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Chronic insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency. Diagnosis: A1C ≥6.5%.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction. Diagnosis: fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, A1C ≥6.5%, or two-hour OGTT ≥200 mg/dL. GLP-1 RAs are first- or second-line therapy depending on comorbidities. ADA 2026 guidelines recommend GLP-1 RA early when CV or weight comorbidities are present.